Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications

• Mildred Quintana,
• Jesús Iván Tapia and
• Maurizio Prato

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242

• of graphene into advanced functional materials forward. Keywords: applications; dispersions; graphene; organic functionalization; ultrasonication; Review Introduction Various methodologies for the production of graphene and chemically modified graphene have been described during the last years [1

• techniques, since this is a straightforward process for the production of clean graphene layers ready for organic functionalization. Importantly, the exfoliation of graphite by ultrasonication is a very versatile technique that has already demonstrated its effectiveness in dispersing graphene in solvents

• protocol allows the quantification of the graphene sheets in the dispersion, enabling further organic functionalization by stoichiometric reactions. This approach is suitable for the tailored design of materials with applications in many different research fields [22]. Ultrasonic processes are successful